Soil Analysis as a Basis for Plant Production Planning

Parameters of fertility, sampling methods, and interpretation of results for sustainable parcel management. Soil analysis is the only reliable way to determine the actual production potential of a parcel. Without knowledge of chemical, physical, and biological properties of the soil, recommendations for fertilization and crop selection remain assumptions — and assumptions in agriculture directly translate into yield losses or unnecessary costs. Based on the results of the analysis, recommendations are formed for ameliorative fertilization (long-term improvement of unfavorable properties) or for regular fertilization in accordance with the planned crop and expected yield. In Montenegro, the content of skeleton (particles larger than 2 mm) is particularly significant, as it directly affects profile depth, water retention capacity, and mechanized cultivation possibilities. It consolidates physical, chemical, water-air, and relief properties into a single synthetic measure, which shows not only the production potential but also the limitations that need to be considered in planning. Samples are taken from dry soil, without plant residues and weed mass, dried at room temperature, and delivered to the laboratory with a cover sheet containing data on location, usage type, and planned crop.